Modern American history, often beginning around the late 1800s, is a period marked by immense change. The rise of industrialism and urbanization transformed the nation, while millions of immigrants arrived seeking a new life. The 20th century saw America become a global power, facing off against fascism in World War II and communism in the Cold War. Domestically, the Civil Rights Movement fought for racial equality, while social movements like feminism and environmentalism gained traction. Technological innovation has been a constant theme, with the country at the forefront of developments like space travel and the internet. Today, the US grapples with issues like globalization, economic inequality, and political polarization.