Functions, Parameters, and Return Values
Δημοσιευμένα 2024-07-16 21:56:14
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In Python, functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They promote code modularity, readability, and maintainability. Here's a breakdown of their key aspects:
Functions:
- Defined using the
def
keyword followed by the function name and parentheses. - Can optionally take arguments (parameters) within the parentheses, which are used as inputs for the function.
- May or may return a value using the
return
statement. This value becomes the output of the function call.
Syntax:
Python
def function_name(parameters):
"""Function docstring (optional)"""
# Function body (code to be executed)
# ...
return value # Optional return statement
Example:
Python
def greet(name):
"""Greets the user by name."""
message = f"Hello, {name}!"
return message
greeting = greet("Alice") # Call the function with an argument
print(greeting) # Output: Hello, Alice!
Parameters:
- Function parameters act like placeholders that receive values when the function is called.
- You can define multiple parameters separated by commas.
- Parameters can have default values assigned within the function definition, which are used if no argument is provided during the call.
Example:
Python
def calculate_area(length, width=10): # Width has a default value
"""Calculates the area of a rectangle."""
area = length * width
return area
area_1 = calculate_area(5) # Use default width (10)
area_2 = calculate_area(3, 7) # Provide both arguments
print(area_1) # Output: 50
print(area_2) # Output: 21
Return Values:
- The
return
statement is used to specify the value the function sends back after its execution. - A function can optionally return a value using
return
. If noreturn
statement is present, the function implicitly returnsNone
. - The returned value can be any valid Python data type (e.g., integers, strings, lists, etc.).
Key Points:
- Functions help in organizing code and improving reusability.
- Parameters allow you to customize the function's behavior during each call.
- Return values provide a way for functions to send data back to the calling code.
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