#history #science #lobotomy

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A lobotomy, or leucotomy as it was originally known, was a form of psychosurgery, a neurosurgical treatment of a mental disorder that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex.

The Barbaric surgery left many a shell of their former selves, and marks a dark point in mental health treatment.

Al though originally conceived in Portugal by Doctor Egas Moniz in the 1940s It would continue well into the 1960s under the hands of Walter freeman in the US.

The surgery would win Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine of 1949 for the "discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses".

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As far as African dictators go, there is probably no single greater illustration of the nuances and complexities that underpin dictatorships in Africa, than Joseph Desire Mobutu’s 31 year stint, as the leader of the nation known today as the DRC.

A self-proclaimed anti-communist who modelled his entire state apparatus after China’s chairman Mao. A self-styled African revolutionary, who collaborated with his country’s former colonisers to assassinate his own prime minister and a proud Afrocentric, whose love for European luxuries and prestige would see him seize control of an estimated one third of his country’s GDP and build a personal net worth nearly twice the size of his country’s national debt.

A paradoxical man from a nation of paradox. Mobutu may have been stereotypically arrogant and cruel, but he was far from a simpleton. His over 3 decades as Congo’s Supreme leader, would be built on a complex combination of evil genius, will power and good fortune.

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Written by: K.B. Taiwo

Sometimes, history turns on the words of great people. For this list, we’ll be looking at pivotal speeches by famous orators. Our countdown includes famous speeches by Nelson Mandela, JFK, Mahatma Gandhi, and more! Did we leave any of your favorite speeches off our list? Speak out in the comments below.

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