Histology. Episode 7:

Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue that forms the skeletal system of the body. It is a hard and dense tissue that provides support, protection, and movement to the body, as well as housing and protecting vital organs.

Bone tissue is made up of specialized cells, called osteocytes, embedded within a matrix composed of collagen fibers and mineral salts, predominantly calcium and phosphate. This combination of organic and inorganic materials gives bone its unique properties of strength and hardness.

Bones are classified into two types: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone makes up the outer layer of bones and provides strength and protection, while spongy bone is found in the interior of bones and provides structural support. Both types of bone tissue contain osteons, which are cylindrical structures composed of concentric layers called lamellae that surround a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves.

Bone tissue undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life in a process called bone remodeling. This involves the removal of old or damaged bone tissue by cells called osteoclasts and the formation of new bone tissue by cells called osteoblasts. This constant remodeling allows bones to adapt to mechanical stress, repair damage, and maintain optimal strength and structure.

In addition to its mechanical functions, bone tissue also serves as a reservoir for minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, which are essential for various physiological processes in the body. When blood calcium levels are low, bone tissue releases calcium into the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis.

Overall, bone tissue plays a crucial role in providing support and protection to the body, facilitating movement, and contributing to mineral homeostasis.